Yield Components in Annual Ryegrass and Oats Grown in Association and Monoculture

Earliness of oats and higher growth rate of annual ryegrass later in the season explain the higher forage yield of annual ryegrass+oats association over monocultures (Améndola & Morales, 1997). However, changes in yield components of the species grown in association compared to monoculture have not been explored. This study aimed to determine leaf, stem and dead matter yield in annual ryegrass and oats when grown in association and monoculture at different nitrogen (N) levels

Clinical management of homocystinuria; case report and review of the literature

La homocistinuria es un error congénito del metabolismo de la metionina que conduce al acúmulo de metionina y de su principal metabolito, homocisteína, en plasma, orina y tejidos. El acúmulo de homocisteína posee toxicidad sobre los sistemas óseo (osteoporosis), ocular (luxación del cristalino), nervioso (convulsiones, alteraciones psiquiátricas) y vascular (accidentes cerebrovasculares, enfermedad cardiovascular). Presentamos 2 casos de homocistinuria en 2 pacientes hermanos y, a continuación, revisamos las estrategias terapéuticas disponiblesHomocystinuria is a congenital disorder of methyonine metabolism that leads to increased plasmatic, urinary and tissue deposits of methyonine and its main metabolite: homocysteine. Homocysteine deposits are toxic for the skeletal system (osteoporosis), the eyes (lens dislocation), central nervous system (seizures, psychiatric disorders) and also induce vascular damage (stroke and other cardiovascular events). This article reports two patients with homocystinuria in two siblings, followed by a concise review on the therapeutic strategies available for this disorde

Tectónica activa de la Falla de Alhama de Murcia, Cordillera Bética, España

We present an overview of the knowledge of the structure and the seismic behavior of the Alhama de Murcia Fault (AMF). We utilize a fault traces map created from a LIDAR DEM combined with the geodynamic setting, the analysis of the morphology, the distribution of seismicity, the geological information from E 1:50000 geological maps and the available paleoseismic data to describe the recent activity of the AMF. We discuss the importance of uncertainties regarding the structure and kinematics of the AMF applied to the interpretation and spatial correlation of the paleoseismic data. In particular, we discuss the nature of the faults dipping to the SE (antithetic to the main faults of the AMF) in several segments that have been studied in the previous paleoseismic works. A special chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the tectonic source of the Lorca 2011 earthquake that took place in between two large segments of the fault.En este estudio se presenta una revisión del conocimiento que hasta la actualidad se tiene de la estructura y comportamiento sismogenético de la Falla de Alhama de Murcia (AMF). Se utiliza un nuevo mapa de la traza de la AMF realizado a partir de un modelo digital del terreno de alta resolución a partir de datos LIDAR, combinado con el análisis del marco geodinámico, la geomorforlogía, la distribución espaciotemporal de la sismicidad, la información geológica de trabajos previos y los datos paleosísmicos existentes, para describir la actividad reciente de la AMF. Se discute la importancia de las incertidumbres que se mantienen en relación con la estructura y la cinemática de la AMF para la correcta interpretación y correlación espacio-temporal de los datos paleosísmicos obtenidos hasta ahora. En particular, se discute la naturaleza de las fallas con buzamiento SE en superficie (antitéticas con las fallas principales de la AMF que bordean las sierras) en varios segmentos que han sido estudiados en análisis paleosismológicos previos. Se dedica un capítulo especial al análisis de la fuente geológica del terremoto de Lorca de 2011 que tuvo lugar en la zona de intersegmento que separa dos de los segmentos de mayor longitud de la AMF

Influence of charging conditions on simulated temperature-programmed desorption for hydrogen in metals

Failures attributed to hydrogen embrittlement are a major concern for metals so a better understanding of damage micro-mechanisms and hydrogen diffusion within the metal is needed. Local concentrations depend on transport phenomena including trapping effects, which are usually characterised by a temperature-programmed desorption method often referred to as Thermal Desorption Analysis (TDA). When the hydrogen is released from the specimen during the programmed heating, some desorption peaks are observed that are commonly related to detrapping energies by means of an analytical procedure. The limitations of this approach are revisited here and gaseous hydrogen charging at high temperatures is simulated. This popular procedure enables attaining high concentrations due to the higher solubility of hydrogen at high temperatures. However, the segregation behaviour of hydrogen into traps depends on charging time and temperature. This process and the subsequent cooling alter hydrogen distribution are numerically modelled; it is found that TDA spectra are strongly affected by the charging temperature and the charging time, both for weak and strong traps. However, the influence of ageing time at room temperature after cooling and before desorption is only appreciable for weak traps

Cold Isostatic Pressing to Improve the Mechanical Performance of Additively Manufactured Metallic Components.

Additive manufacturing is becoming a technique with great prospects for the production of components with new designs or shapes that are difficult to obtain by conventional manufacturing methods. One of the most promising techniques for printing metallic components is binder jetting, due to its time efficiency and its ability to generate complex parts. In this process, a liquid binding agent is selectively deposited to adhere the powder particles of the printing material. Once the metallic piece is generated, it undergoes a subsequent process of curing and sintering to increase its density (hot isostatic pressing). In this work, we propose subjecting the manufactured component to an additional post-processing treatment involving the application of a high hydrostatic pressure (5000 bar) at room temperature. This post-processing technique, so-called cold isostatic pressing (CIP), is shown to increase the yield load and the maximum carrying capacity of an additively manufactured AISI 316L stainless steel. The mechanical properties, with and without CIP processing, are estimated by means of the small punch test, a suitable experimental technique to assess the mechanical response of small samples. In addition, we investigate the porosity and microstructure of the material according to the orientations of layer deposition during the manufacturing process. Our observations reveal a homogeneous distribution independent of these orientations, evidencing thus an isotropic behaviour of the material

Generalised boundary conditions for hydrogen transport at crack tips

We present a generalised framework for resolving the electrochemistry-diffusion interface and modelling hydrogen transport near a crack tip. The adsorption and absorption kinetics are captured by means of Neumann-type generalised boundary conditions. The diffusion model includes the role of trapping, with a constant or evolving trap density, and the influence of the hydrostatic stress. Both conventional plasticity and strain gradient plasticity are used to model the mechanical behaviour of the solid. Notable differences are found in the estimated crack tip hydrogen concentrations when comparing with the common procedure of prescribing a constant hydrogen concentration at the crack surfaces

Metodología para la evaluación de la sostenibilidad en autopistas: cálculo del balance energético de la infraestructura.

El trabajo aborda el desarrollo de un procedimiento para la evaluación de la eficiencia energética en infraestructuras lineales desde el punto de vista constructivo. El procedimiento permite calcular, tanto globalmente como de forma independizada, el balance energético de las diferentes fases del ciclo de vida de la infraestructura: construcción, operación y desmantelamiento o deconstrucción

Evidence for coseismic events of recurrent prehistoric deformation along the Alhama de Murcia fault, southeastern Spain

The Alhama de Murcia fault is a 85 km long oblique-slip fault, and is related to historical and instrumental seismic activity. A paleoseismic analysis of the Lorca-Totana sector of the fault containing MSK I=VIII historical earthquakes was made in order to identify and quantify its seismic potential. We present 1) the results of the neotectonic, structural and geomorphological analyses and, 2) the results of trenching. In the study area, the Alhama de Murcia fault forms a depressed corridor between two strands, the northwestern fault with morphological and structural features of a reverse component of slip, bounding the La Tercia range to the South, and the southeastern fault strand with evidence of sinistral oblique strike-slip movement. The offset along this latter fault trapped the sediments in transit from the La Tercia range towards the Guadalentín depression. The most recent of these sediments are arranged in three generations of alluvial fans and terraces. The first two trenches were dug in the most recent sediments across the southeastern fault strand. The results indicate a coseismic reverse fault deformation that involved the sedimentary sequence up to the intermediate alluvial fan and the Holocene terrace deposits. The sedimentary evolution observed in the trenches suggests an event of temporary damming of the Colmenar creek drainage to the South due to uplifting of the hanging wall during coseismic activation of the fault. Trench, structural and sedimentological features provide evidence of at least three coseismic events, which occurred after 125,000yr. The minimum vertical slip rate along the fault is 0.06mm/yr and the average recurrence period should not exceed 40,000yr in  accordance with the results obtained by fan topographic profiling. Further absolute dating is ongoing to constrain these estimates.